This section contains MCQs from Chapter 4 Part 1: Photography from Complete Crime Scene Investigation Handbook by Everett Baxer, JR.
Note: Check more MCQs chapter-wise from the Complete Crime Scene Investigation Handbook by Everett Baxer, JR.
1. The fundamental difference between police photography and artistic photography?
- Police photography uses more colors.
- Police photography often includes posed subjects.
- Police photography should be free of any artistic expressions.
- Artistic photography focuses on natural colors only.
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (3) Police photography should be free of any artistic expressions.
Explanation:
-> Police photography aims to document scenes without alteration or artistic flair, ensuring the evidence is presented as accurately as possible.
-> Artistic expressions, which may include subjective elements like color enhancement or intentional blurring, are avoided to maintain the integrity of the evidence.
2. What effect does a Tiffen red #25 filter have on photographs?
- It enhances natural lighting conditions
- It provides a cooler appearance like a winter storm
- It removes all colors except blue and red
- It makes the clouds appear darker
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (4) It makes the clouds appear darker
Explanation: The Tiffen red #25 filter is used to darken the clouds in a photograph, giving them a more ominous look, often associated with severe weather conditions.
3. How does the use of a Kodak 80A blue filter affect the appearance of photographs?
- It gives the image a cooler appearance
- It makes the clouds lighter
- It enhances the natural colors of the photograph
- Both (1) and (3)
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (1) It gives the image a cooler appearance
Explanation: The Kodak 80A blue filter is used to create a cooler appearance in photographs, which can mimic the look of a winter storm.
4. Principle of artistic photography that is still applicable to crime scene photography:
(a) Camera functions
(b) Blurring images for effect
(c) Lighting techniques
(d) Use of color to enhance photographs
Choose the correct option from the list:
- (a), (b), (c), and (d)
- (a) and (d)
- (a) and (c)
- (a), (b), and (c)
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (3) (a) and (c)
Explanation:
-> Despite the need for accuracy, lighting techniques and understanding camera functions are foundational skills that benefit both artistic and crime scene photography.
-> Example: Proper lighting can help highlight details in a crime scene without altering the scene’s authenticity.
5. Assertion (A): Crime scene photographs must avoid any form of artistic expression to ensure the accuracy of the scene’s depiction.
Reason (R): Artistic photography techniques like blurring or altering colors can misrepresent the factual details of a crime scene.
Choose the correct option from the list:
- Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation for (A)
- Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation for (A)
- (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong
- (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (1) Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation for (A)
Explanation: No explanation is needed for this question.
6. The process of crime scene photography should be:
- Rapid and intuitive
- Slow and methodical
- Focus on suspect areas
- Conducted by multiple photographers
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (2) Slow and methodical
Explanation: The slow and methodical approach ensures thorough documentation of the scene, underlining the importance of precision and attention to detail in capturing the scene and evidence accurately.
7. Identify the key elements of crime scene documentation:
(a) Photography
(b) Notes
(c) Victim identification
(d) Sketching
Choose the correct option from the list:
- (a) only
- (b), (c), and (d)
- (a), (b), and (c)
- (a), (b), and (d)
Answer
Answer: (4) (a), (b), and (d)
8. What is a ‘stop’ in photography?
- A specific location for taking photographs with a single identifier
- A unit of measure for the shutter time of the photograph
- A specific location for taking photographs with multiple identifiers
- An adjustment that halves or doubles the amount of light
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (4) An adjustment that halves or doubles the amount of light
Explanation:
-> In photography, a ‘stop‘ refers to the exposure value, and it is a unit of measure that quantifies the change in brightness of the photograph.
-> Adjusting the exposure by one stop (or full stop) means you are either doubling or halving the amount of light that reaches the camera’s sensor compared to the previous stop.
9. Following settings is NOT adjusted by a full stop change in photography:
- Aperture
- Shutter speed
- ISO
- White balance
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (4) White balance
Explanation: Full stop can be done by adjusting:
- Aperture: Moving from f/5.6 to f/4 (one stop increase) doubles the light entering the camera.
- Shutter speed: Changing from 1/100 to 1/50 seconds (one stop slower) also doubles the light exposure.
- ISO: Adjusting ISO from 200 to 400 doubles the sensor’s sensitivity to light, making the image brighter.
-> White balance affects color temperature, not the quantity of light.
10. Adjusting the aperture from f/5.6 to f/11 results in:
- The same amount of light entering the camera.
- A fourfold increase in the amount of light.
- The exposure having 1/4 as much light as before.
- The ISO sensitivity doubling.
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (3) The exposure has 1/4 as much light as before
Explanation:
-> By adjusting the aperture from f/5.6 to f/11, you are changing the aperture by two stops, significantly reducing the light entering the camera to 1/4 of its previous amount.
-> Example: This adjustment is beneficial in very bright conditions, such as snow or beach scenes, where reducing light intake helps to maintain detail and prevent overexposure.
11. What does the term ‘exposure’ traditionally refer to in the context of film photography?
- The number of photographs that can be taken with a roll of film
- The brightness of the photograph
- The sensitivity of the camera’s sensor
- The duration a photograph is displayed in a gallery
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (1) The number of photographs that can be taken with a roll of film
Explanation:
-> Traditionally, in film photography, exposure referred to the number of photographs that could be taken with a roll of film, such as 12, 24, or 36 exposures.
-> Example: If a camera indicates five exposures left, it means there are five photographs remaining on that roll of film.
12. Following are the factors that affect the exposure of a photograph:
(a) Aperture size
(b) Shutter speed
(c) ISO settings
(d) Lens focal length
(e) Ambient lighting
Choose the correct option from the list:
- (a), (b), (d), and (e)
- (a), (b), (c), and (d)
- (a), (b), (c), and (e)
- (b), (c), (d), and (e)
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (3) (a), (b), (c), and (e)
Explanation:
-> Aperture size, shutter speed, and ISO settings are directly involved in determining exposure by controlling the amount of light and its sensitivity.
-> More ambient light generally leads to a brighter exposure, while less light will result in a darker image.
-> The exposure is influenced by the aperture size within the lens, not the focal length.
13. What effect does a large aperture have on a photograph?
- Allows in more light
- Decreases the amount of light entering the camera
- Increases the depth of field
- Reduces the camera’s ISO sensitivity
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (1) Allows in more light
Explanation:
-> A large aperture (indicated by a small f/stop number) results in a larger iris opening, allowing more light to enter the camera, affecting exposure.
-> Example: Switching the aperture setting from f/11 to f/2.8 (a larger aperture) significantly increases the light captured in a low-light indoor scene, making the photo brighter.
14. Which of the following best describes the sequence of full f-stops in photography?
- Linear, increasing by the same amount each time
- Random, with no specific pattern
- Geometric, based on the square root of 2
- Geometric, based on the square of 2
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (3) Geometric, based on the square root of 2
Explanation:
-> Standard Full f-stop Sequence includes f/1, f/1.4, f/2, f/2.8, f/4, f/5.6, f/8, f/11, f/16, and f/22, etc., follows a geometric sequence based on the square root of 2.
15. What is the effect of changing the aperture from f/22 to f/16?
- The light entering the camera is halved
- It results in a fourfold increase in light
- The aperture size is doubled, allowing more light
- The camera’s shutter speed is automatically increased
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (3) The aperture size is doubled, allowing more light
Explanation:
-> Moving from f/16 to f/22 decreases the light that passes through the lens.
-> This is because the area of the circle (aperture) decreases as the f-number increases, according to the area formula of a circle (A=πr2), where the radius r is effectively reduced.
-> Since f/22 is one full stop smaller than f/16, it allows half the light to pass through to the sensor.
-> Useful for enhancing detail in darker areas by allowing more light.
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