Following are the questions whose answers have been updated in the last 6 months.
45. Distance travel by the firearm discharge in chronological order is: (Question 2004 December Solved Forensic Science Paper 2; Dated 26 October 2023; Credit: FR Author)
- Burning, charring, blackening, and powder tattooing
- Charring, blackening, burning and powder tattooing
- Blackening, charring, powder tattooing and burning
- Powder tattooing, charring, blackening and burning
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (2) Charring, blackening, burning and powder tattooing (as per answer key) | Correct answer should be: charring, burning, blackening, and powder tattooing.
Explanation:
-> Skin charring is caused by heat over the body tissue but not completely burnt, turning skin black which resembles blackening but can’t be removed using a cotton swab. It can be seen in contact and also is seen up to 2 inches in some weapons.
-> Burning: Occurs closest to the point of discharge. Effect of hot gases and flame on the skin.
-> Blackening: Even farther from the point of discharge, the gunpowder may deposit soot or residue, causing a blackening effect that can be removed using cotton swab.
-> Powder Tattooing: Occurs at the farthest distance. Unburnt gunpowder particles hit the skin but do not have enough energy to cause charring or burning.
6. The gas carrier phase is used in
(a) HPLC (b) Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (c) GCMS (d) GLC (Question 2010 June Solved Forensic Science Paper 2; Dated 9 October 2023; Credit: Thirumalan K S)
- (c) and (d) are correct
- (a) and (b) are correct
- (b) and (c) are correct
- (a) and (d) are correct
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (4) (a) and (d) are correct (as per answer key) | Correct answer is (1) (c) and (d) are correct
Explanation:
-> Helium or an unreactive gas such as nitrogen is typically used as the carrier gas in GLC and GCMS.
-> HPLC uses a liquid mobile phase to carry the sample.
12. The following are the red-cell enzyme, except (Question 2010 December Solved Forensic Science Paper 2; Dated 10 October 2023; Credit: Sourabh Meena)
- Adenylate kinase
- Phospho glucomutase
- Peroxidase
- Haptoglobin
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (1) Adenylate kinase (as per the answer key) | Correct answer should be option (4)
Explanation:
-> Haptoglobin is not a red-cell enzyme. Instead, it is a protein produced mainly by the liver. Its primary function is to bind free hemoglobin released into the plasma to prevent kidney damage and conserve iron.
-> Adenylate kinase, Phospho glucomutase, and Peroxidase are enzymes associated with red blood cells.
-> Adenylate kinase is present in mitochondrial and myofibrillar compartments in the cell which is a phosphotransferase enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of adenine nucleotides.
-> Phospho glucoamylase (PGM): PGM1 and PGM2 are red cell enzymes that show polymorphism in nature.
70. The person having ‘Bombay Blood Group’ has the following in his red blood cells: (Question 2013 September Solved Forensic Science Paper 2; Dated 13 October 2023; Credit: Sourabh Meena)
- ABH antigens
- HLA antigens
- mt DNA
- Myoglobin
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (3) mt DNA (as per answer key) | Correct answer is option (2) HLA antigen
Explanation:
-> Bombay phenotype (hh blood group) individuals’ RBCs lack A, B, and H antigens on their RBCs. It means these individuals produce anti-H, anti-A, and anti-B.
-> Note: A and B antigens cannot be formed without the H antigen precursor. However, individuals with the Bombay Blood Group will still have HLA antigens on their cells.
-> HLA antigens (Human Leukocyte Antigens) are a group of proteins present on the surface of all cells, including red blood cells. They play a crucial role in the immune system’s recognition of self and non-self cells.
-> mtDNA: Because of the lack of nuclei and organelles, mature RBCs do not contain DNA and cannot synthesize any RNA, but have Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Murine also have mt DNA on their RBCs.
-> Myoglobin: a monomeric protein found mainly in muscle tissues and serves as the intracellular storage site for oxygen.
50. Match the following: (Question 2014 December Solved Forensic Science Paper 2; Dated 13 October 2023; Credit: Sourabh Meena)
| List – I | List – II |
|---|---|
| (a) 376 (C) | (i) Intercourse by any hospital staff |
| (b) 376 (B) | (ii) Intercourse by jail superintendent on inmates |
| (c) 376 (C) | (iii) Intercourse by a public servant with a woman in his custody |
| (d) 376 (C) | (iv) Intercourse by a man with his wife during separation |
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
| 1. | (i) | (ii) | (iii) | (iv) |
| 2. | (ii) | (iv) | (i) | (iii) |
| 3. | (iii) | (i) | (ii) | (iv) |
| 4. | (iv) | (iii) | (ii) | (i) |
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (2) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)
Explanation:
-> 376(B) refers to intercourse by a public servant with a woman in his custody.
-> 376(C) refers to sexual intercourse by person in authority or in a fiduciary relationship including:
-> Or being a public servant.
-> Or being a superintendent or manager of a jail, remand home, or other place of custody established by or under any law currently in force.
-> Or being in a women’s or children’s institution.
-> Or being on the management of a hospital or on the staff of a hospital.
-> 376(C) defines gang rape.
-> Section 376DA: Punishment for gang rape on woman under sixteen years of age.
-> Section 376DB: Punishment for gang rape on woman under twelve years of age.
6. Light that has all its waves pulsating in unison is called (Question 2012 December Solved Forensic Science Paper 2; Dated 5 November 2023; Credit: Sourabh Meena)
- Maser
- Laser
- Monochromatic light
- Polychromatic light
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (3) Monochromatic light (as per answer key) | Correct answer is option (2) Laser
Explanation:
-> A beam of light that has all of its waves pulsating in unison is called a laser.
-> Monochromatic light refers to light that has a single wavelength or frequency.
-> Monochromatic light has a single wavelength, while coherent light has waves that are in phase with each other.
38. Proportional spacing typewriter’s characteristic feature is (Question 2010 June Solved Forensic Science Paper 2; Dated 5 November 2023; Credit: Thirumalan K S)
- It gives space to each character according to its size
- It gives equal space to all the characters
- It gives double space to larger characters
- It gives half-space to smaller characters
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (2) It gives equal space to all the characters (as per answer key) | Correct answer should be option (1)
Explanation: There are two types of typewriters:
-> Fixed pitch: Each character, whether it’s an ‘i’ or ‘w’, takes up the same amount of space.
-> Proportional typewriter: Each letter takes just the amount of space that is needed to look distinct and legible. Example: The capital ‘M’ occupies five units while the lower case ‘i’ occupies two units of horizontal space. Each unit is equivalent to 1/32, 1/36, or 1/45 of an inch on a convection typewriter.
7. Fingerprint Region of the Infrared spectra lie between (Question 2008 June Solved Forensic Science Paper 2; Dated 29 November 2023; Credit: Sanjay Moza)
- 2.3- 5.3µ
- 6.6 -14µ
- 3.7-5.3µ
- 4.3-6.3µ
Answer and Explanation
Answer: as per answer key (3) 3.7-5.3µ | Correct answer is (2) 6.6 -14µ
Explanation: The Fingerprint Region of the Infrared spectra lies between 1400 – 600 cm-1 (wavenumber).
-> Wavenumber (cm⁻¹)= 10,000/Wavelength.
-> To convert this to Wavelength (µm)= 10,000/wavenumber.
-> For 1400 cm-1= 10,000/1400≈ 7.14μm
-> For 600 cm-1 = 10,000/600≈ 16.67μm.
-> The closest is the range of from option is 6.6 – 14 µm.
-> This region is called the fingerprint region because, like a fingerprint, this region of the spectrum is almost unique for any given compound.
16. Arrange these in the proper order : (Question 2007 June Solved Forensic Science Paper 2; Dated 29 November 2023; Credit: Geetha Supriya D)
(i) Dispersion (ii) Burning (iii) Tattooing (iv) Scorching
Code:
- (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
- (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
- (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
- (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (4) (ii), (iv), (iii), (i) (as per answer key) | Our answer is option (2) (iv), (ii), (iii), (i)
Explanation: Increasing order to the distance from the muzzle.
-> Scorching is caused by the flame from the muzzle end.
-> Burning is caused by the burning gases from the muzzle end that travel far than flame.
-> Tattooing is due to partially burnt or unburnt particles.
-> Dispersion of pellets
-> Similar question: 2007 June Paper 2 Question 22.
-> Read More: Determine the Range of Firing From Wounds
12. The time taken by an unretained species to pass through a chromatography column is known as : (Question 2019 December Solved Forensic Science Paper 2; Dated 7 December 2023; Credit: Aayushi Pathak)
- Retention time
- Lag time
- Flow time
- Void time
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (1) Retention time (as per answer key) | The correct answer is “Void time”
Explanation:
-> Retention time (tR) is the time taken by a compound to elute from the column i.e. from the injector to the detector.
-> Void time (tM) is the elution time for a compound that is not retained in a chromatographic system.
-> Adjusted Retention Time (t’R): Measure of time an analyte spends in/on the stationary phase.
=> Calculated as t’R=tR−tM, where tR is the observed retention time.
-> Retention Factor (k): Ratio of the adjusted retention time to the void time. Used to compare migration rates of analytes.
=> Given by: k= t’R/tM
-> Separation Factor (α): A measure of the relative retention of two components, defined as the ratio of their adjusted retention times: α = t’R2/t’R1, where t’R2>t’R1, and the value of α is always greater than 1.
Reference: Forensic Biology by Max M. Houck. Pg 70.
2. Finger print examination is associated with: (Question 2009 December Solved Forensic Science Paper 2; Dated 13 February 2024; Credit: Sourabh Meena)
(i) Malphighi (ii) Hans Gross (iii) Galton (iv) Heindl
Code:
- (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
- (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
- (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
- (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
Answer and Explanation
Answer: (1) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct (as per answer key) | Correct answer should be (4) (i), (iii), and (iv) are correct
Explanation: Early Scientific Observations:
-> Dr. Nehemiah Grew: First European to publish observations on friction ridge skin.
-> Govard Bidloo: Described friction ridge skin details in his 1685 book, “Anatomy of the Human Body.”
-> Marcello Malpighi: Noted fingerprint ridges, spirals, and loops in his treatise.
-> John Evangelist Purkinje: Published a thesis discussing nine fingerprint patterns.
-> Robert Heindl: Worked on personal identification by fingerprints, established the first police crime laboratory in Germany in Dresden in 1850, and is noted for his contributions to dactyloscopy.
-> Sir Francis Galton published the influential book “Finger Prints” in 1892 which helped bring fingerprinting to the forefront of criminal identification.
-> Hans Gross: Hans Gross is credited with coining the term “criminalistics” to describe forensic analysis of physical evidence. Read similar MCQs: Chapter 1 Part 3: Justice and Science MCQs From Nordby Book
Reference: Introduction to Forensic Sciences, Second Edition and Fingerprints and Other Ridge Skin Impressions By Christophe Champod, Chris J. Lennard, Pierre Margot, Milutin Stoilovic · 2017