2021 Solved Forensic NTA UGC NET Question Paper Held on [28 November] Q1 to Q25

Answer: (3) 1/10¹⁴

Explanation: Following are given probabilities:
-> Probability of class characteristics of fired ammunition: 1/20
-> Probability of class characteristics of firearm: 1/5
-> Probability of each mark (identification standard): 1/10⁴
-> So, for three marks (so for 3 marks= 1/10¹²)
-> So, the probability of fired cartridge to be fired with a pistol= 1/20 x 1/5 x 1/10¹²
=> 1/10¹⁴

Answer: (4) Lt Col D.G.Crawford

Explanation:
-> This book refers to various laws and regulations, meetings, and policy decisions pertaining to the British Indian Medical Service.
-> It specifies the formation of medical boards in presidencies, the appointment of in-charges, changes during wartime, etc.

Answer: (3) 1999

Explanation: Presently, there is no coroner system in India.
-> It was abolished in 1999 when the Coroner’s Act was repealed.
-> The last city in India to have a coroner system was Bombay (Mumbai).

Answer: (4) Section 174 Cr. P. C 1973

Explanation:
-> Section 176 CrPC: Inquiry by Magistrate into cause of death.
-> Section 162 CrPC: Statements to police not to be signed (states their evidentiary value).
-> Section 260 CrPC: Power to try summarily.

Answer: (2) Section 172 of I. P. C 1860

Explanation:
-> Section 168 IPC: Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade.
-> Section 94 IPC: Act to which a person is compelled by threats.
-> Section 511 IPC: Punishment for attempting to commit offenses punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonments.

Answer: (4) GC-MS

Explanation: Open slit interface works as the convenient connection between the GC column and the Mass spectrometer.
-> It provides better chromatographic integrity than that was obtained with the direct introduction of the column into the ion source.
-> Major drawback: conflict against higher mass and higher boiling compounds.
-> Other Interfaces for HPLC/MS are Moving belt (MB), Thermospray (TSP), Electrospray (ESP), and Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI).

Answer: (1) Decrease

Explanation:
-> Zeta potential is the charge that develops at the interface between a solid surface and its liquid medium.
-> Zeta potential is proportional to the charge density on the capillary walls.
-> It is also dependent on the ionic strength of the buffer.
-> An increase in ionic strength results in decreased zeta potential and reduced electroosmotic flow (EOF)

Answer: (1) Echelle grating

Explanation: There are two types of monochromators; prism and diffraction grating.
-> Prism Monochromators: used to disperse UV, visible, and IR radiation. A common one is Littrow prism (30° prims with a mirrored back, work as 60° prims in Bunsen mount).
-> Diffraction Grating Monochromators: Mostly used in spectrofluorometers and used to disperse UV, visible, and IR radiation by directing through diffraction grated surface (ladder type surface) through transmission grating or reflection grating.
-> Double Monochromator: Combination of two monochromators in series in such a way that the exit slit of the first becomes the entrance slit of the second.
-> Echelle grating was first introduced by G. R. Harrison in 1949.
-> Echelle monochromators contain two different dispersion elements (monochromators). The first is echelle grating and the second is a prism or low dispersion grating.

Answer: (3) N. A. A

Explanation:
-> Isotope dilution is a quantitative method of NAA, based on using a known amount of radioactivity-tagged analyte with the measured amount of sample.
-> Used to determine 30 elements (mostly organic) including vitamin D, vitamin B12, sucrose, insulin, penicillin, various amino acids, corticosterone, alcohols, and thyroxine.

Answer: (2) X‐Ray Fluorescence

Explanation:
-> X-ray Fluorescence is the prompt emission of an X-ray by an atom ionized by a higher energy X-ray.
-> These fluorescent emissions are specific to a particular element and are virtually independent of its chemical state.

Answer: (4) 6P

Explanation:
-> The HLA-DQA1 locus (formerly called DQα locus) is a member of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) family which has a large number of genes involved in immune response in humans.
-> HLA-DQA1 locus is located at the HLA gene cluster on chromosome 6.
-> It was helpful for the first forensic SNP-based profiling.
-> The region has a highly polymorphic value to forensics and is loaded at the second exon of the gene.
Source: [Table] Chromosomal location of the various locus

Answer: (3) Differential extraction

Explanation:
-> Differential lysis treatment can be used to separate epithelial cells from sperm cells from vaginal cells and it was first described by Gill et.al (1985).
-> Principle: Sperm nuclei are resistant to lysis by the usual SDS/proteinase k cell extraction method because of solid disulfide brides present in sperm nuclear membranes.
-> When replaced by proteinase k plus solution the reductant dithiothreitol (DTT, e.g. 20 μl of 0.1 m DTT is added to 500 μl of lysis buffer) breaks the disulfide protein bridge which results in the identification of male-specific cells in female predominantly cells.
Source: Molecular Forensics – Page 43 by Ralph Rapley

Answer: (2) Heme

Explanation:
-> Malachite green is a triphenylmethane dye.
-> Leuco base form of malachite green is colorless but when get oxidized by the catalysis of heme produces a green color in acid condition with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant.
Check Reaction involved: Reaction of Leucomalachite Green Assay.

Answer: (3) Argon laser

Explanation: Dried semen stain can be made visible using irradiated with
-> short wave-long wave UV lamp
-> Argon laser
-> high-intensity alternative light source.

And following are the 3 proposed reasons why semen stains fluorescence.
(1) Conversion of non-protein components to compounds able to fluorescence (proposed by Sensabaugh).
(2) Growth of bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescence on semen stain (proposed by Sensabaugh).
(3) Fluorescence because of the presence of flavins.

Answer: (1) Euchromatin

Explanation:
-> During most of a cell’s life cycle, the chromosomes exist in a linear (unraveled) form that can be transcribed to code for proteins.

-> Euchromatin: Region of chromosomes that are decondensed and transcriptionally active.
● These chromosomes undergo normal chromosome condensation and decondensation
during the cell cycle.
● These regions are enriched in the genes but lack repetitive DNA.

-> Heterochromatin Region: Region of chromosomes that are transcriptionally inactive, such as centromeres, and remain condensed throughout the cell cycle.
● It is dense and contains highly repetitive DNA sequences.

Answer: (1) Spine Stain

Explanation:
-> Parent Stain is the source point where blood is first projected to the surface.
-> Spine stain is the pointed edge away from the parent stain pointing towards the direction of travel of bloodstains.
-> Satellite Stain is made from smaller bloodstain that originated during the formation of
the parent stain as a result of blood impacting a surface.

Answer: (1) Plants and animals species

Explanation: Four amendments were made until 2023
-> Wildlife Protection Amendment Act 2002: related to punishment
-> Wildlife Protection Amendment Act 2006: related to saving tigers and other endangered species.
-> Wildlife Protection Amendment Act 2013: punishment for hunting and hunting rights of Scheduled Tribes in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
-> Wildlife Protection Amendment Act 2021: (Passed by Rajya Sabha on December 8, 2022) seeks to increase the species protected under the law including domesticated endangered species such as elephants. and respective penalties including:
● General violation: up to Rs 25,000 (1972) which changed to up to Rs 1,00,000 (2021 amendment)
● Specially protected animals: at least Rs 10,000 (1972) which changed to at least Rs 25,000.

Answer: (1) Hyperforin

Explanation:
-> Hypericum perforatum (also called St John’s wort) is a herbaceous plant.
-> It majorly has two active components: hyperforin and hypericin.
-> Imipramine, Citalopram, and Doxepin (other 3 options) all are antidepressants but are chemically made.
Source: Herbal Products: Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology by Timothy S. Tracy and ‎Richard L. Kingston

Answer: (1) Esters

Explanation:
-> Pyrethrins are a mixture of six structurally related insecticidal esters formed by a combination of two acids (chrysanthemic acid and pyrethric acid) and three alcohols (pyrethrolone, cinerolone, and jasmolone).
-> Pyrethrins (and synthetic analogue Pyrethroids) are extracted from the Chrysanthemum cineraria folium plant.
-> Toxicity is very low due to its rapid metabolism and is commercially available in form of spray, dust, and mats.
-> Some pyrethrin-based insecticides are bioresmethrin (first available, 1967), allethrin, deltamethrin, decamethrin, cypermethrin, and fenvalerate.

Answer: (4) pH 9

Explanation: Various pH values along with buffer for drugs for extraction using direct solvent extraction methods:
-> Barbiturates: eluted at acid pH 2.2 using a citrate buffer
-> Stimulants: eluted at basic pH 11 with a carbonate buffer.
-> Narcotic analgesics and Phenothiazines: eluted at basic pH of 9.3 using a borate buffer.
-> Amphetamines: eluted at pH 9.3 and approx 1/3 of eluant with pH 11.
-> Morphine is an opiate (narcotic) analgesic. So, the pH would be pH 9.3 with borate buffer.
Source: Drug Addiction I: Morphine, Sedative/Hypnotic, and Alcohol

Answer: (1) Alcohol Drinking

Explanation:
-> Biphasic effects mean when one substance acts in two different ways as the concentration increases.
-> Alcohol is a great example of a substance that is Biphasic.
-> Drinking a small amount of alcohol gives an uplifting and stimulating effect.
-> Stimulant effects (at lower doses and during rising BACs) include increased motor activity, talkativeness, and euphoria (happiness and positive mood).
Source: Forensic Issues in Alcohol Testing by Steven B. Karch

Answer: (1) Lysergic acid diethylamide

Explanation: Synthesis of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) is produced from an ergot alkaloid isolated from certain species of “morning glory” or “Hawaiian Baby Woodrose” plants.
-> Other Names: Argyreia speciosa (scientific name), elephant creeper and woolly morning glory.

Answer: (2) Gamma‐Hydroxybutyric acid

Explanation:
-> GHB (gamma hydroxybutyrate) is a depressant.
-> Other names are G, grievous bodily harm (GBH), liquid ecstasy, Liquid X, Liquid E, Georgia Home Boy, cherry meth, blue nitro, and fishies.

Answer: (2) 9″

Explanation: Twist is calculated using the formula; Twist = 150 ×D² /L where D= bullet diameter in inches and L = bullet length in inches.
-> Given: D= 0.303 and L=1.5″
-> Using equation, Twist= (150 x 0.303 x 0.303)/1.5= 9.18″
=> Closed value to 9.18″ is option (2) 9″

Answer: (3) Tattooing

Explanation: Common wounds in case of wound ballistics:
-> Burning: Effect of hot gases on the skin.
-> Singeing: Effect of hot gases on hair.
-> Searing and Scorching: Intense burning of the skin by flames, usually close contact firing
-> Tattooing: Incomplete combustion of gunpowder which is a consistency of very fine sand. It is also called stippling and peppering ( as resembles black pepper has been spread over the wound). Characteristic of medium-range firearm injury.
-> Identification marker for tattooing: Wipe the suspected skin area with a wet cloth. Black residue on the wound will not vanish.